Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) is a condition where excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up in the brain's ventricles (fluid-filled spaces). This increased fluid puts pressure on the brain, which can cause a range of symptoms. Despite its name, the pressure inside the brain is typically normal or only slightly elevated, but it still affects brain function.

• Walking Difficulties: A shuffling gait, problems with balance, or the sensation of your feet being "stuck" to the ground.
• Cognitive Issues: Memory problems, difficulty concentrating, and changes in thinking.
• Urinary Incontinence: Frequent urgency or loss of bladder control.

These symptoms often progress slowly, and many people with NPH may initially be misdiagnosed with other neurological disorders.

• Head injury
• Stroke
• Brain surgery or infections
• Natural aging process
• In some cases, no obvious cause can be found.

• Medical History & Neurological Exam: Your doctor will review your history and examine your nervous system function.
• Brain Imaging: MRI or CT scan to look for enlarged ventricles in the brain.
• Cognitive and Gait Tests: Assessments to evaluate memory, thinking, and walking ability.
• Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap): A small amount of CSF is removed to see if symptoms temporarily improve, helping confirm the diagnosis.

• Shunt Surgery: A small tube (shunt) is placed to drain excess CSF from the brain to another part of the body, such as the abdomen. This often improves walking and bladder symptoms.
• Physical Therapy: Helps improve gait and balance after surgery.
• Cognitive Therapy: Supports memory and concentration recovery.

Shunt placement can dramatically improve quality of life for many people, though results vary among patients.

With prompt treatment, many people with NPH experience significant improvements in walking and urinary symptoms. Cognitive improvements may take longer. However, if left untreated, NPH can worsen, leading to further decline in movement and memory.

If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of NPH, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the condition and improve daily functioning.